Jordan, D.S. & Tanaka, S. & Snyder, J.O. (1913)
A catalogue of the fishes of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo, 33, 1–497
Shimidu, W. & Oisi, K. (1951)
Studies on putrefaction of aquatic products. 5. On urea in elasmobranchiate fishes. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 16(12), 31–33