Tetronarce californica

(Ayres, 1855)


Pacific electric ray
Classification: Elasmobranchii Torpediniformes Torpedinidae

Reference of the original description
Ayres, W.O. (1855)
(A new species of Cramp fish: Torpedo californica.) Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 1), 1, 70–71

Image of the original description
No image in first description.

Synonyms / new combinations and misspellings
Gymnotorpedo californica, Narcacion californicus, Narcine californica, Tetranarce californica, Torpedo californica, Torpedo (Tetronarce) californica

Types
Tetronarce californica

Torpedo californica
XXXX: No types known;


Description :


Citation: Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855): In: Database of modern sharks, rays and chimaeras, www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 03/2024

Please send your images of "Tetronarce californica" to info@shark-references.com

Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855), Gulf of California © Nicolas Ehemann, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Mexico
Common names
deu \(T\) Pazifischer Zitterrochen, spa Raya eléctrica, spa Torpedo, spa Torpedo del Pacifico, eng Electric ray, eng Pacific electric ray, eng Pacific torpedo

Short Description
Gray with scattered black spots dorsally, no ocelli. 1st dorsal fin much larger than 2nd. Spiracle margin smooth and without papillae.

Distribution
Eastern Pacific: Dixon Entrance, British Columbia, Canada to Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Electric rays off Peru, Chile, and Japan may belong to this species [17050]. Source: www.gbif.org

Biology
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures [733]. Reproductive cycle appears to be annual in males and biannual in females (Ref. 48844). No defined birthing season (Ref. 48844).

Size / Weight / Age
140 cm TL (male/unsexed; [1658]); 137 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 41 kg; max. reported age: 16 years (Ref. 48844)

Habitat
demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 425 m (Ref. 6793), usually 3 - 200 m (Ref. 55307)

Remarks
shark-references Species-ID=9975;

Parasites (arranged by Jürgen Pollerspöck)
Myxosporea
  • Chloromyxum leydigi Mingazzini, 1890 [23379]
  • Chloromyxum ovatum Jameson, 1929 [23379]

Cestoda
Copepoda
  • Eudactylina similis Scott, 1902 [17867]
  • Trebius latifurcatus Wilson, 1921 [14624]