Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. (1896)
The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 47, 1–1240
Schreiner, C. & de Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1903)
A colleccao de peixes do Museu nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 12, 67–110
de Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1907)
Fauna Braziliense. Peixes. II. Desmobranchios. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 14, 131–217
Garman, S. (1913)
The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 36, 1–528
Starks, E.C. (1913)
The fishes of the Stanford expedition to Brazil. Stanford University Publications, University Series,
Devincenzi, G.J. (1920)
Peces del Uruguay. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo, (Serie 2), 1(4), 97–134
Meek, S.E. & Hildebrand, S.F. (1923)
The marine fishes of Panama. Part I. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series 15, (publication no. 215): 1–330.
Socorro, O.A. (1998)
Los peces marinos del occidente de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 18(3), 43–57
Gadig, O.B.F. & Bezerra, M.A. & Feitosa, R.D. & Furtado-Neto, M.A.A. (2000)
Marine fishes from Ceará State, Brazil: I - Elasmobranchii (Ictiofauna marinha do Estado do Ceará, Brasil: I. Elasmobranchii). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, 33, 127–132
Schaefer, J.T. & Summers, A.P. (2005)
Batoid wing skeletal structure: novel morphologies, mechanical implications, and phylogenetic patterns. Journal of Morphology, 264(3), 298–313
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10331